INTRODUCTION:

“An ounce of Prevention is worth a pound of cure”

Benjamin Franklin

Health is highly described state for all human beings. Health is the process through which a person sceems to maintain an equilibrium that promotes stability and comfort in a dynamic process that varies according to persons perception of well-being. The concept of persons perception of health includes well-being and state a physical, emotional, social and spiritual wellness (Johnwestry 1998).

Anaemia is a wide spread public health problem with major coneequences for human health as well as social and economic development of the country. Although anaemia has been recognized as a major problem for many years, little progress has been reported and the global prevalence of anaemia remains unacceptable high (T. Nirmala and P.S. Sathya 2010)

Adolescence (10-19 yrs) are more vulnerable period for the development of nutritional anaemia due to various reasons, such as family with limited resources. The female child likely to do neglected, the added burden of menstrual blood loss, normal or abnormal precipitants the crisis too often (EHO 2000). Due to the causes (inadequate intake of iron, blood loss, nutrition, Medication, infection, may leads to decreased production of Hb with blood loss as the haemoglobin level is deficit, the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced the availability of O 2 in blood is also hindered.

This condition is called hypoxia leading to hypoxia of tissue. This entire condition is called anaemia (David Penigeon 2000)

As the anaemia becomes more severe than medical problems may arise includes high cardiac output, angina, heart damage, heart failure, skin discoloration, hypertension, breathceness, hyperpigmentation, metrolgia, head ache (NWHIC 2015) Deaths of females related to diseases of blood and blood forming organs in the country were 245 for every 10000 population among 5 to 14 years and 48-7 among 15-24 years as against 319 and 3335 respectively in their male counter parts (Ms.Kala.K.2010).

Programmes for anaemia control are, in 2003, integrated program to move iron deficiency camp; anaemia control program. In oct 2-2002, anaemia prophylaxis programme in 1999, National nutrional anaemia control programme. In 16 Dec 2009, Effectiveness of a large scale iron fortified milk distribution programme. (T. Nirmala 2011)

From the previous studies we came to know that the prevalence of anaemia is greater though most of them were aware about the preventive measures yet the prevalence of anaemia is neither especially among adolescents. These the research group got interest in studying the knowledge regarding the prevention of anaemia among first year B.Sc (N) students of RASS Academy College and took measures to improve the knowledge through structure teaching programme.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of anaemia among 1 st year B.Sc. nursing students in RASS Academy College of Nursing, Poovanthi.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of anaemia among first year

2. B.Sc. Nursing students.

3. Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of

4. anaemia among first year B.Sc. Nursing students.

5. To find out association between the level of knowledge regarding prevention of anemia and selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1: There will be a significant change in the level of knowledge regarding prevention of

anaemia.

H2: There will be a significant association between the level of knowledge and selected demographic variables.

Assumption:

· The students who are underwent structured teaching programme related to prevention of anaemia may have a better level of knowledge.

· It is assumed that the subjects would willingly participate in the study and respond honestly to the items.

· Proper knowledge of students regarding prevention of anaemia ensures safe practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A Evaluatory Research approach, pre experimental (one group pre test and post test) design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the levels of knowledge regarding prevention of anemia among 1 st year B.Sc. nursing students in RASS Academy College of Nursing, Poovanthi. Obtained formal permission to conduct the study from college authority and dissertation committee of RASS Academy College of Nursing Poovanthi.Sample size consists of 40 students from first year B.Sc. Nursing students who fulfils the inclusion criteria. The samples were selected by non probability convenient sampling technique.

Tools used for the study:

Part – I

It comprised of demographic variable such as age, parent’s educational status, occupation of parents, family size, and socio economic status, any family members working health field.

Part – II

The second tool was assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of anaemia by structured questions. Before starting the study, the researcher obtained formal permission to conduct the study from college authority and dissertation committee of RASS Academy College of Nursing Poovanthi. The period of study extended for 1 week. The researcher was introduced herself to the selected sample. Informed consent was obtained from each subject after giving anuance of confidentiality. The student participated with interest. Initially the subject were interviewed in order to collect demographic data. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONS:

The findings are tabulated and analyses are interpreted as follows,

Table–I Frequency and percentage distribution of sample according the demographic data.

S. No

Demographic Characteristics

No of individuals frequency

Age in years

17 yrs

18 yrs

19 yrs

22.5%

62.5%

15%

Parents educational status

Primary school education

Higher secondary education

Graduate

52.5%

47.5%

Occupation of parents

Business

Government employee

Coolie

2.5%

92.5%

Family size

Nuclear family

Joint family

Extended family

77.5%

17.5%

Socio economic status

Low socio economic status

Moderate socio economic status

High socio economic status

30%

70%

Family members in health field

Yes

27.5%

72.5%

Table I summarizes that majority of the samples 25 out of 40 (62.5%) were 18yrs old. Regarding parents educational status the majority of the sample 21 out of 40 (52.5%) have primary education 37 out of 40 (92.5%) are the daughters of coolie worker. The majority of 31 out of 40 (17.5%) belongs to a nuclear family. Regarding to socio economic status the majority of the sample 28 out of 40 (70%) belongs to moderate socio economic status. The majority of the 29 out of 40 (72.5%) does not have any family members working in the health field.

Table–2: Frequency and percentage distribution of sample according to the overall knowledge level. (N=40)

Score

Pre test

Post test

25-30

20-24

15-19

10-14

5-9

0-4

20%

55%

25%

27.5%

40%

32.5%

Table 2, shows regarding the level of knowledge in the pre-test none of them were between 25-30 score and 20-24 score also none of them scored, 8 out of 40 (20%) were between 15-19 score, 22 out 40 (55%) were between 5-9 score, none of them were between 0-4 score in pre-test, where as in the post-test 11 out of 40 (27.5%) were between 25-30 score, 16 out of 40 were between 20-24 score, 13 out of 40 (32.5%) were between 15-19 score. none of them were between 5-9 score and 0-4 score.

The above findings summarizes that structured teaching program on prevention of anaemia has significant beneficial effect in level of knowledge.

Table–3-Comparison between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge level.

Test

Mean

Mean Difference (MD)

‘t’ test

Pre test

Post test

11.2

17.85

6.65

2.98

22.06

Significant at 0.05 levels

Table 3 summarizes that the mean pre-test level of knowledge 11.2 is lessor than the mean post-test level of knowledge 17.85. The obtained‘t’ value 22.06 is statistically significant at 0.05 level. This indicates that there is a significant difference in pre-test and post-test level of knowledge. This shows that the structured teaching programme on prevention of anaemia has significant effect in enhancing of the knowledge.

Table–4: Association between pre-test level of knowledge and selected demographic variables such as age, parents education, occupation of the parents, family size, socio economic status, family members working in the health field.

Demographic Characteristics

Knowledge

X² Value

Above

Below

Age in years

17 yrs

18 yrs

19 yrs

0.77(*)

Parents educational

Primary education

Higher secondary education

Graduate

0.4(NS)

Occupation of parents

Business

Government employee

Coolie

4.8(#)

Family size

Nuclear family

Joint family

Extended family

0.30(#)

Socio economic status

Low socio economic status

Moderate socio economic status

High socio economic status

0.80(##)

Family members in health field

Yes

7.695(##)

(NS) Not Significant level

Table 4, summarizes in order to find out the association between the pretest knowledge level and selected demographic variable ‘chi’ square test was computed and the tabulation. The researcher had clubbed the age group as 17 yrs, 18yrs, 19 yrs. The obtained x² value of 0177 at was significant at 0.5 level on considering the parents education level the calculated x²value of0.4 at was not significant at 0.5 level with regards to occupation of parents the calculated x² value of 4.8 at was significants. at 0.5 level regarding family size the calculated x² value of 0.30 was significant at 0.5 level with regard to socio economic status the calculated x²value of 0.80 was significant at the level of 0.05 level. Regarding family members working in the health field. The calculated x²value of 7,695 was significant at 0.05 level.

CONCLUSION:

The study findings provide the statistical evidence which clearly indicates the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of anaemia is effective among first year B.Sc. nursing students.

LIMITATIONS:

The limitations of the study were,

· The sample size was fourty. Each finding should be generated with caution.

· The settings of the study were choosen due to researcher’s familiarity and it was not by random selection. Due to this methodogical limitation, the findings can be generalized to RASS Academy College of Nursing.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

· The study can be conducted by using large populations to generalize the findings.

· A longitudinal study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of anaemia

REFERENCES:

· David penington “Clinical Haematology In Medical Practice” 4^th edition Black well scientific publication. London.

· Jaycee. M. Black, “Medical Surgical Nursing” Volume-II, Published by Elsevier.

· Lewis (2011) “Medical Surgical Nursing” 7^th edition, Elsevier, India.

· Brain. R. Torcato (2006) “A study to assess the prevalence and Incidence of anaemia among adolescent female.

· Ammol Gupta (etal) (2012) “A study to assess the prevalence of anaemia among the adolescent girls.

· Shilpo. S. Biradar (etal) (2012) “A study to assess the prevalence and severity of anaemia among adolescent girls, in India.

· Ms. Kala. K (etal) (2010), A study to assess the Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude of adolescents in prevention of Iron folic acid deficiency anaemia, Coimbatore, India.

Received on 27.12.2019 Modified on 08.01.2020

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2020; 8(1): 96-99.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2020.00023.2